Level 3 Anatomy & Physiology – Practice exam 1

1. Which of the following valves control blood flow through the left side of the heart?

2. The pulmonary valve prevents backflow of blood from the

3. What is the function of the coronary arteries?

4. How does atherosclerosis affect the function of arteries?

5. What is the name of the disease process which causes an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand to the heart muscle?

6. What type of exercise should be avoided by someone with hypertension?

7. What short-term effect does cardiovascular training have on blood pressure?

8. Which of the following is a benefit of long-term endurance/aerobic training?

9. Which of the following conditions is exacerbated (made worse) by hypertension?

10. What is the correct order of the following skeletal muscle components, from largest to smallest?

11. When a myosin head attaches to an actin filament the resulting connection is known as a

12. Which type of exercise is used to predominantly train type 1 muscle fibres?

13. Which of the following muscles attaches to the lumbar vertebrae and femur?

14. Which of the following actions is performed by the piriformis muscle?

15. Which exercise uses movement in a frontal plane?

16. Which of the following muscles protracts the shoulder girdle?

17. Which of the following movements are possible at the joint formed by the tibia and talus?

18. What joint action occurs in the upwards movement of a shoulder press?

19. What is the name of the joint between the vertebral column and pelvis?

20. Which of the following give passive support to the spine?

21. Which of the following muscles, when it becomes shortened, contributes to a forwards pelvic tilt?

22. Which of the following conditions would have the greatest effect on movements involving lateral flexion of the spine?

23. Which of the following conditions would most likely result in a forward head position, potentially leading to muscle tension and headaches?

24. Which of the following muscles should be strengthened to assist the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) in stabilising the spine?

25. Which of the following statements applies to dynamic stretching?

26. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system?

27. By what transmission method does a nerve impulse cross a synapse?

28. What structure insulates a neuron?

29. When a motor neuron reaches its firing threshold, every muscle cell in the motor unit it supplies will contract maximally. This is known as

30. Motor units that contain a small number of muscle fibres have which of the following characteristics?

31. Which of the following receptors is activated during a developmental stretch?

32. During contraction of the biceps, reciprocal inhibition causes which of the following?

33. Which of the following nervous system adaptations occurs with regular training?

34. Which of the following benefits may result from improved neuromuscular efficiency?

35. Which of the following is an effect of a ‘negative feedback loop’ resulting from increased core body temperature?

36. Which of the following glands is situated at the base of the brain?

37. Which of the following hormones regulates stress and immune responses?

38. Which of the following activities are predominantly the phosphocreatine (PC) energy system?

39. Approximately how long is continuous exercise using the lactic acid energy system sustainable?

40. Which of the following activities uses the highest proportion of fat as a fuel compared to oxygen?